Thursday, May 14, 2020

An Argument For Military Expertise. Of The Six Chapters

An Argument for Military Expertise Of the six chapters in Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 1, chapter 5 is the most important with respect to the duty positions and responsibilities of a Captain in the United States Army. The Army Profession - chapter 5, titled Military Expertise – Our Application of Landpower, defines military expertise, outlines the three steps necessary to develop and maintain military expertise, and finally describes dominance in the land domain as what Soldiers actually do in order to execute the Army’s mission: â€Å"to fight and win our Nation’s wars by providing prompt, sustained land dominance across the full range of military operations and spectrum of conflict in support of combatant commanders.† (HQ,†¦show more content†¦Finally, leader-human development informs how the Army profession inspires Soldiers to serve honorably, and to recruit new talent from the civilian population to become Soldiers and steward the profession. Some people would suggest that the political-cultural field of military expertise is currently the military’s greatest challenge. The civilian-military relationship is constructed from a multitude of factors, from the President of the United States serving as Commander-In-Chief as a civilian political leader, to the geographic locations in which Army installations exist. Civilian leadership over the military is both doctrine and tradition in this country, offering checks and balances between the two. While this is a positive aspect, it also can create tension when political aims do not match with the military’s assessment of a military operation. Additionally, public opinion of the military in general shapes the civilian-military relationship as well. Although public support for service members has been relatively high since September 2001, it has not always been this way. It can also be argued that force reduction in overall numbers, as well as consolidation efforts to close installations and combine unit locations, have led to the perception of the military as a â€Å"family business,† or something that not everyone contributes too. After World War II, nearly every household knew a service member personally. This isShow MoreRelatedBritish Colonialism Essay example2439 Words   |  10 Pagesthe Anglo-Zulu war, with a small chapter devoted to the battle of Isandlwana, is called The History of the Zulu War and Its Origin by Frances Ellen Colenso. Written in 1880, one year after the war concluded, Colenso wrote in a Pro-nationalist focus. He applauds the camp tactics employed by Lord Chelmsford, General of British Forces in South Africa and Natal, and does in no way seem to dislike or question the Generals commands. As stated above, this a very short chapter in a very large book. There areRead MoreBus 518 Week 9 Bus518 Week 92813 Words   |  12 PagesDiscussion Capabilities of Team Members   Please respond to the following: * Construct an argument for replacing a team member that you believe is unqualified for the task you have assigned. Provide at least two examples to support your rationale. BUS 518 Week 3 Assignment 1 A Peaceful Evacuation Building a Multi-Project Battalion by Leading Upward Due Week 3 and worth 240 points Read the weekly assigned chapters and view the lectures before beginning the assignment. Read the case study titled â€Å"A PeacefulRead MoreBus 518 Week 6 Bus518 Week 62785 Words   |  12 PagesDiscussion Capabilities of Team Members   Please respond to the following: * Construct an argument for replacing a team member that you believe is unqualified for the task you have assigned. Provide at least two examples to support your rationale. BUS 518 Week 3 Assignment 1 A Peaceful Evacuation Building a Multi-Project Battalion by Leading Upward Due Week 3 and worth 240 points Read the weekly assigned chapters and view the lectures before beginning the assignment. Read the case study titled â€Å"A PeacefulRead MorePresident Obama Won Much More Than An Election3490 Words   |  14 Pages3. The authors made four arguments as to why the factors that previous Presidents lost reelection did not apply for Obama’s reelection. The first was that many previous presidents were unpopular within their own party which was not the case for Obama as the Democrats favored him for implementing Obamacare. The next argument was that there was no strong third party that drew away attention and support from Obama leaving his support base untampered with. The third argument was that Obama was only atRead MoreAutobiography Assessment Of Bernard Baruch2726 Words   |  11 Pageshis greatest endeavors was the time in his life during which he provided service to his country as an adviser in the economic sector. These services were mainly offered during both WWI and WWII. He further provided his services as a confidant to six United States presidents. Amon g many the jobs that he held, some are as follows: an American financier, statesman, stock investor, philanthropist and a political consultant in the United States. Bernard Baruch is well known for his success in almostRead MoreJeanne Harley Guillemin on Biological Weapons3027 Words   |  12 Pagesconstructed an epidemiological map that explained the source of the outbreak to then be due to the air-borne discharge of anthrax spores from a military facility that processed anthrax weapons. In 1994, the research results were published in Science, and a book on the same research was published in 1999, Anthrax: The Investigation of Deadly outbreak. To her, the military never took responsibility to their mistake nor did they apologize. The lack of accountability inspired her most to write about the catastropheRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe beginning of the twentieth. The decades since 1840 have witnessed a striking and unprecedented increase in the human population, in industrial and agricultural production, in global trade and its shift to nonluxury commodities, 10 †¢ CHAPTER 1 in international capital flows, in transcontinental economic integration, in transportation and communication technology, and in the movement of people. These upsurges and their regional unevenness created unprecedented incentives for long-distanceRead MoreSlavery And The African Holocaust Essay2975 Words   |  12 Pagesof Abraham Lincoln in 1860, as a republican, an anti slavery party, his election was extremely threatening to the southern states and about a month after he was elected South Carolina was the first states to secede from the Union quickly followed by six more. Due these successions of secession all federal forts found themselves in new Confederate land and a brilliant tactical move Lincoln began providing fresh supplies to these forts in order to intimidate the confederates into making the first moveRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesREADING CHAPTER 1: National Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes of Conduct 23 CHAPTER 6: TheRead MoreEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 Pages...............6 Chapter One..........................................................................................................6 Chapters Two and Three.......................................................................................6 Chapters Four, Five, and Six................................................................................7 Chapter Seven.......................................................................................................7 Chapter Eight............

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Japan s World s Third Largest Economy - 875 Words

Japan is a vital economic power not only in Asia, but the world as well. It is currently the world’s third largest economy, previously in second place, behind America and China respectively (GlobalEdge). Like many other countries within the Pacific, Japan is a part of APEC (Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation). This is a forum that â€Å"works towards a higher standard of living†¦through sustainable economic growth.†(APEC, GlobalEdge). Despite the fact of how comfortable/well-off Japan seems, they are currently facing multiple issues within their economy and societal factors. One major issue Japan is facing today involves their declining population, and the quick growth of the older generation. The current population growth rate is at -0.163%, and it is expected to continuously drop over time. This factor negatively affects Japan’s work force/labor pool, seeing as how there is a larger amount of elderly people compared to younger ones that should be working. Japan’s labor force in total is estimated at 65 million people (GlobalEdge), which is a little over half of the population (127 million). Their unemployment rate is at 3.4% (OECD), which is relatively good compared to America’s 5.5% (U.S. Bureau). This rate is also much lower than the rates in 2011 when unemployment was at 4.50% (Japan Unemployment.). Japan is a developed country that has a high income: OECD (World Bank), it is also ranked 4th out of 193 countries based on its GDP. Its current GDP, PPP â€Å"at market price† in US$Show MoreRelatedDifferences Between Countries And Developing Countries1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferentiate countries by grouping them into developed and developing countries. A developed country is a country that has progressed relatively far during time and has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure. Some examples of developed countries are the U.S.A, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Netherlands and many others. They are normally the more profound countries that we hear about more often than developing countries. A developing country is a country that is at an earlyRead MoreChinas Economic Growth1224 Words   |  5 Pagesgrowth patterns with Japan, Korea, and Taiwan due to cultural similarities, geographic location, similar economic development strategies, or, in the case of Japan, relatively large size of the domestic economy. China’s economic growth is expanding at a great pace, while other countries may be at a standstill. China has been the world s fastest-growing economy. One of the main stimuli twelve years ago was the release of Hong Kong to China from Great Britain. The second largest stimulus was the openingRead MoreThe United States Of America Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagespeople think. The United States of America is facing problems a lot of people are either unaware of or just dont think its a big deal. Most of america think that our economy and government is in alright financial shape, That may not be the case though. America is in bad shape and it seems to be going down hill. America is declining in world power as well and this is just another factor leading to a crash in the future. Other nations are growing a lot more powerful than they have been in the past causingRead MoreJap A Country And The Links That Australia1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthan Japan.† This article will give an overview of Japan as a country and the links that Australia has with this country, whether it be through culture, defence and military, tourism, trade or sport. It will also look into historical events that sparked these links and how these relationships were formed and strengthened. Finally, it will go into how these links have changed the way we see Japan, and how these links have changed Australia to what we know it as today. Between the Sea of Japan andRead MoreJapans Development Of Japan1119 Words   |  5 PagesJapan, a major economic power in the world, is located in Eastern Asia between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. Japan’s population is 127,103,388 and currently stands number 11 compared to other countries population. Japan’s system of government is a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy. Currently, Japan’s GDP is $4901 billion US dollars lower than what it was in 2012, $5938 billion dollars. Japan’s GDP per capita is recorded at $37,432.91 higher than what it has beenRead MoreWhen we as in the individuals think about what a Superpower is, we usually think that it’s pretty1000 Words   |  4 Pages The superpowers countries in the world are most effective in doing some political or either economic decisions. There are a number of factors that you must contribute to become a superpower including military resources, political infl uence, economic power and human resources. Military power is the most valued consideration that helps in becoming a country superpower. France for instance, its economy is ranked as the ninth largest in the world and fourth largest in the Europe by purchasing powerRead MoreThe Rise Of China s Rise1656 Words   |  7 Pages100145621 Is the rise of China to be welcomed or feared In this essay, I will argue that China s rise should not be welcomed and that it should be feared instead. This is because China s status as one of the world s most powerful nation will make it seek to establish hegemony within Asia, and eventually dominate the world as the sole hegemony. The USA and China s neighbouring countries will try to stop China s pursuit of hegemony in Asia, and this could lead to intense security tension between twoRead MoreThe Factors And Opportunities Of Entering The Market1415 Words   |  6 PagesMy company is comparing the factors and opportunities of entering the market in Japan. I will explore legal, political, financial, economical, and other factors. After I analyze these factors, I will decide whether or not it is a good idea to proceed to do business in Japan based on my findings of the country. The country of Japan has several plausible legal and political aspects. The â€Å"Iron Triangle System† was created in order to fight Japan’s corruption in the legal system. This â€Å"Iron TriangleRead MoreWorld War II And Japan1492 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II and Japan The Greater Japanese Empire was one of the fastest growing and most dominant world powers of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. After being created as a result of the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the Empire of Japan grew quite well and prospered until it was dissolved in 1947. Although Japan experienced a long period of economic strife, massive destruction and a switch from a military to a consumer based economy, after World War II, the country emerged stronger than ever andRead MoreA Country Description Of Japan Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesPart I- Country Description Japan has a population of 126,702,133, with a growth rate of -0.19%. Religious practices are as follows: Shintoism 79.2%, Buddhism 66.8%, Christianity 1.5%, other 7.1% (many people practice both Shintoism and Buddhism). The climate varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north. The terrain is mostly rugged and mountainous. There are many dormant and some active volcanoes and about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Right to Bear Arms free essay sample

Citizens have the right to bear arms. It just all depends how they take action. According to a report by engineering statistician the general public is 5. 7 times more likely to be arrested for violent offenses and 13. 5 times more likely to be arrested for non-violent offenses, than concealed carry weapon permit holders. There are a lot of reason why some people want this law banned, but these arguments are outweighed only by the need of protection. The second Amendment guarantees the right to conceal handguns under the United States. In the 2008 case, District of Colombia v. Heller, the Supreme Court ruled that the inherent right of self-defense has been central to the Second Amendment right,† and that the second Amendment protects â€Å"the individual right to possess and carry weapons in case of confrontation†. The Second Amendment states, A well-regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed. According to a 1997study of National Crime Victimization Survey data, robbery and assault victims who used a gun to resist were less likely to be attacked or to suffer an injury than those who used any other methods of self-protection or those who did not resist at all. Even if an adult never needs to draw a concealed handgun for self-defense, I may feel safer being armed and feel freer to go outside at night or in dangerous areas. ?The right to have concealed handguns is they support citizens in self-defense and deters crime. With gang population and gang-related violence growing at an exponential rate, it is imperative that law abiding citizens are given the right under the constitution to defend themselves. The National Crime Victimization Surveys concluded that â€Å"robbery and assault victims who used a gun to resist were less likely to be attacked or to suffer an injury than those who used any other methods of self-protection or those who did not resist at all†. It has been shown that concealed carry laws deter criminals form committing crimes due to the fear of retaliation of victims. According to the FBI, total violent crimes and murders dropped more than 6 percent during the first half of 2011 with over 55% increase in firearm purchases. Even with the recession and poor economy, this typically boots crime rates. Since 1991 through 2009, 23 states have adopted the right to carry, and violent crimes rates have declined 43 percent. This all comes on the heels of a five-fold increase in the number of shall-issue concealed carry states from 1986 to 2006. This concludes that more people should buy themselves guns to protect themselves and because of a lot of places not allowing guns, that one person with a gun could have saved their life. ?People have misconceptions about concealed handguns. The first being guns increase crime rates. This is false; according to the FBI concealed carry laws decrease crime. Experts have searched for any type of evidence indicating that guns increase crime rates, but have found very little evidence to support such a claim. Another misconception that people have is that concealed carry laws increase the circulation of guns. This is not entirely true, upon reaching certain age requirements and obtaining a F. O. I. D. (Firearm Owner’s Identification) Card, any person can buy as many firearms and as much ammunition as they wish. A concealed handgun simply allows the weapons to be carried in public on the waist or other concealed ways. The third misconception is that anyone can get a license and carry a gun. If you do any Research whatsoever and have any knowledge of concealed carry laws, you will know that this is entirely false. There are several requirements that most concealed carry laws have in order to obtain a license: over certain, either has a background in law enforcement or military, and if you are a civilian you must take a course to learn the proper use and maintenance of a firearm and must spend a significant amount of time at a firing range in order to develop skill with the firearm. You cannot have a criminal record and you cannot have any history of anger issues or any other psychological disorders. The last misconception is that criminals will get guns and harm citizens. This is the most irrational argument I have heard against concealed carry laws Do street gangs and criminals currently have concealed carry licenses? Do they have weapons anyway? The point is with or without gun laws; criminals obtain and also carry legal firearms illegally. The only difference with concealed carry laws is that now we can defend ourselves. The concealed carrying of handguns increases the likelihood of unintended shootings taking place. Approximately 50 people are unintentionally shot each day in America and a child under 15 years of age dies every other day from unintended gunfire. Criminals are more likely to arm themselves with firearms if they suspect that victims may also be armed. Felons report that they often carry firearms to deter victims from resisting. A victim drawi ng a gun during an attack sends a signal to the offender that more force must be used to overpower the victim during an attack. Adults who carry concealed handguns are often inadequately trained. Public safety should be left to trained police officers who are less likely to shoot innocent bystanders. Responsible adults with concealed handguns make it more difficult for police to distinguish criminals from ordinary citizens and to identify perpetrators during a shooting. Carrying concealed handguns needlessly intimidates other citizens. The only way to stop a bad guy with a gun is with a good guy with a gun.

Monday, April 6, 2020

The International Space Station Essays - Space Medicine,

The International Space Station The International Space Station is the doorway to the future of mankind and the world as it is known. The scientific and medical discoveries that will be made on the station could create billions of dollars annually. A plan like this, arranged to benefit the whole world economy, should sound like a good idea to every person, but some believe that the ISS is too risky, too ineffective, or too costly to create. Whether or not the space station is worth the money, time, and effort, one thing is clear, everyone is interested in this virtual floating laboratory and what assets or liabilities it will bring. The future of scientific experimentation and exploration may be located, not on earth, but on the man made island called the International Space Station. Of all the factors that go into building a space station, construction of the massive object is the most tedious objective. During the building of the ISS, tensions have run high several times when deadlines were missed or funds were not available. This space station is the most expansive mission the world has ever encountered. The International Space Station will be a fifteen country mission. When finished, it will boast over an acre of solar panels for heating and energy, have a volume roughly sizable to two jumbo jets, and contain four times the electrical power of the Russian space station, Mir. It will take approximately forty-five flights over the next five years to assemble the one hundred pieces of the station while circling the orbit of the earth (Goldin 11). This floating station, the size of a large football stadium, which is traveling at over 17,500 miles per hour around the earth, will have a minimum life expectancy of only ten years, although scientists hope for a much longer time. The station is so large that it will sometimes be visible by the naked eye during the night (Chang 12). Many people agree with the idea of some sort of space laboratory, but wonder why it has to cost so many tax dollars. Some estimates for the station confirm that the cost has been underestimated by billions of dollars. Late last year Boeing beat out several other competitors for the prestigious position of main contractor. NASA agreed to sign a 5.6 billion dollar contract with Boeing to build many of the essential parts of the space station. Russia is also placing trust in this airplane superpower. They signed a 180 million dollar contract to build the Functional Cargo Block, the unit that will provide power to stabilize the station (Bizony 87). The International Space Station may provide many scientific discoveries, but everyone will pay for it. This project will become the most expensive project in space since the 1969 mission of Apollo 13 to the moon. The total estimated cost will be over twenty billion dollars (8). On the International Space Station, there will be a large variety of experiments ranging from improvements of industry to medical advances. The largest portion of time will be devoted to scientific experimentation and discovery. The ISS will create advances that will assist scientists to better understand the mysteries of the physical, chemical, and biological world. Without gravity they may conceive the technological discoveries that will boost all economies (Goldin 11). One thing the astronauts will use in their pursuit of knowledge is remote telescience. It is an advanced technology that allows scientists on the ground to monitor the progress of the experiments on the station. This will keep people on Earth up to date on the data collection that is occurring in space. Telescience will use interactive data and video links to make the connection as realistic as possible (?Science Facilities? 7). The populous sometimes asks what the station will do scientifically. The International Space Station will try to answer questions that have bothered deep thinkers for years. The affect of no gravity on living things, any mental and physical affect on humans in space, and the growth of better materials in space that will create better products on Earth will all be explored in hopes of becoming better understood. Hopefully, scientists will be able to answer these questions and many more on the International Space Station (Chang 12). NASA has confirmed that microgravity, the almost weightless condition of space, is one of the largest factors in the experiments that will occur aboard the International Space Station. The

Monday, March 9, 2020

What to Capitalize in a Title

What to Capitalize in a Title The rules related to the capitalization of titles change depending on the formatting style you use in your document. For this quick review, well cover the most commonly used styles- particularly AP and Chicago styles- and the exact words to capitalize when writing in title case.The most common approach to capitalizing in title caseIn most cases, you will want to capitalize the first and last words of the title, along with all words except:Articles (a, an, the)Coordinating conjunctions fewer than four letters (and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet)Prepositions that are not used adjectivally or adverbially (at, by, in, of, to, on, up).Note: A major difference between AP and Chicago styles is Chicago style does not capitalize a long preposition, such as between; AP does.Below are examples of titles written following these rules:Stand by MeStand By for More (by is used adverbially, and thus should be capitalized)Located at the Top of the WorldNot Now or EverOnline resources for capitalizat ionIf you still get confused when trying to capitalize a title, there are a few great online resources you can use to make sure youve done it correctly.CapitalizeMyTitle.comCapitalize My Title allows you to write a title in one of the four main title capitalization styles: Chicago style, APA style, MLA style, and AP style. All you have to do is write in the title and choose a style, and the program will capitalize it for you based on the rules of that particular style.TitleCaseConverter.comTitle Case Converter advertises itself as A Smart Tool for Capitalizing Headlines and Titles. Similar to Capitalize My Title, Title Case Converter allows you to choose the style you want out of AP, APA, Chicago, MLA, New York Times or Wikipedia. It also gives you the options to keep words in all caps, enable multi-line input, show explanations (which provides explanations of why each word was capitalized or lowercased), highlight changes, and convert when text is pasted.So whats the deal with Is?A lot of writers falsely assume that is should not be capitalized in a title. However, is is a conjugation of the verb be, and therefore, should be treated just like any other verb in the sentence and capitalized.

Friday, February 21, 2020

Can you follow the reasoning of the Fine Tuning Argument Are you Essay

Can you follow the reasoning of the Fine Tuning Argument Are you convinced by it's reasoning and it's response to many universes hypotheses Why or why not - Essay Example Everyday science is discovering new things, so it would be inadequate to conclude that God is omnipotent. This is a response to the reasoning and responses to the universe hypotheses of the fine tuning argument (Collins, 3) I am not convinced by the general principle reasoning. It formulates the fine tuning argument against the ‘atheistic Single-universe’ hypothesis. It uses the prime principle of confirmation. The confirmation principle states that for two hypotheses H1 and H2. Something counts as evidence for hypotheses rather than another that is when is truer under a certain hypothesis than another (Collins, 8). Therefore in probability, the greater the difference, the greater the probability of counting as evidence. The examples offered in the principle of confirmation are, firstly, find rocks. Whereby if you find rocks in the mountain errand Saying ‘welcome to mountains’ there is a great probability that it is your brother who wrote it rather than chance. Secondly, a defendants fingerprints found on a murder weapon would more probably suggest that he is the murderer. I do not agree to the application of the principles that relies on the fact that that the universe has th e fine-tuned life factors being more probable under the theism hypothesis. The belief that the universe along with the essential life factor is an inexplicable brute fact (Collins, 18). The principle questions whether there are other universes. If there are, then one of the universes has to be fine tuned. It happens that the only fine-tuned universe could be ours because the other does not support an intelligent life. I am not convinced by the response to many universes hypothesis because it describes the universe as large or perhaps infinite thus it differs with the fundamental physical parameters. I agree that the majority of the universes do not support life-permitting values only a one. Its hard to understand the existence of improbable universe such

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Assessing Autism Article Critique Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessing Autism Article Critique - Term Paper Example The usual way of measuring behavior such as limited eye contact, lack of reciprocal social interaction, fewer greetings and failure to initiate interactions such as offering comfort to someone who is hurt, for example, is to observe how children react in certain contrived situations. This study hypothesizes that children with autism will behave differently from children with mental retardation and children with typical development during natural situations. It proposes that that a standardized way of observing children in the everyday context of school recess would be a helpful assessment tool. The playground observation checklist is just such an observation tool, and the article describes how it was used and the results it produced. These results were then checked for accuracy against other information obtained by the usual autism assessment methods. There were ten items on the behavior checklist, which is a very small amount, and for each child in the sample of 81 a score of yes/no was recorded against each item during a 15 minute observation period. Two observers recorded the sessions simultaneously, and any instance where a child interacted with an adult during the 15 minutes was discounted, and the observation was repeated until a session with only peer to peer interaction took place.... n educator this is an interesting article which recommends an intervention that is relatively inexpensive, easy to administer and suitable for operation in a school context in a way that does not place any undue pressure on the child. This article was an exploration of the method itself, and more needs to be done on that to ensure that the criteria are worded well, for example avoiding gender bias in the way interactions are described and scored. Assuming these details could be ironed out, this observation checklist does appear to be a good method for making initial assessments to indicate what kind of specialist referral, if any, would be appropriate for a particular child. So long as the observation is conducted by trained observers it could be introduced in an elementary school. There are ethical issues about the method, of course, since parents would need to give permission for such observations to take place, whether for research purposes, or for the benefit of the children them selves. There could be a danger of over-diagnosis, or of inappropriate referrals if too much weight is placed on a single fifteen minute observation, and so any use of this tool would be best placed within a school policy on autism, to be called upon under specific circumstances and regulated by school protocols that protect everyone’s rights. The article by Bradley-Johnson et al. (2008) takes a wider perspective than the article by Ingram et al. (2007) and is aimed at school psychologists, rather than educators. The definition of autism used by Bradley-Johnson et al. (2008) is that of the Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) which is broader than the DSM criteria. From the start there is an emphasis on â€Å"verifying eligibility for special services for autism† which betrays an