Anne Hutchinson :: essays research papers fc

ANNE HUTCHINSON Anne Hutchinson made the journey to the New World to break away from the Church of England. Anne wanted to feel free to express her increasingly Puritan views. Upon expressing these views, the government of Massachusetts believed that Anne was a great threat to the social and political order of Massachusetts Bay. Anne Hutchinson had claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man (Cohen, 47). Anne was basically telling the people that if they were already chosen by God to go to heaven, it did not matter whether they attended church because they were already chosen to go to heaven. Her claim also meant that if they were not chosen by God to go to heaven, it did not matter if they went to church because they were already chosen to go to hell. This also meant that they didn’t have to listen to the law of man. This was a great threat towards the government of Massachusetts. If all peoples were to live by what Anne claimed, there would not be any law-abiding citizens. The whole state would turn into a state of corruption. The government of Massachusetts was not going to let this happen. It was the very life of the colony that they should have conformity. They had to protect the unity of the colony. The government felt that Anne challenged all male supremacy. Women like Anne Hutchinson, strong-willed and very talkative, were unheard of during this time period, and had no real place in society. The role of a woman during the colonization period of the New World was basically that of a housewife. The chief duty as a wife was to her husband and children. Gathering a select group at her home, she would review and even reinterpret the ministers’ sermons in the light of her own brand of Calvinism (Bailey, 45). She taught them that every person could ask and receive an answer from God if they would listen. If Anne would continue to express her thoughts amongst other women, all women would become a challenge to all male supremacy. The government of Massachusetts was forbidding letting this happen to their society.

Ict in Supermarkets

IT in the Supermarket Information systems are used widely in shops and in the distribution of goods and one area in which their use is particularly important is supermarkets. Computer systems are used in a variety of ways in the modern, large supermarket, from stock control to maintaining temperatures in fridges and freezers. In this section we will look in more detail at these systems in one particular large supermarket, which is part of a national chain. The supermarket uses several computers which are located in a room known as the system office and form the upermarkets own Local Area Network. These computers are used to control the stock and are connected to the checkouts. These are the ‘branch computers'. The computers are multifunctional, and each can access the data, which gives the management a number of access points. Admin and stock control staff now have access to hand held computers, SEC (Shelf Edge Computers). These are used for price changes, creating stock pictur es (information on stock totals) and for forecasting deliveries. Like many companies, they have experimented with giving customers hand held scanners to enter their own shopping.The experiment has been discontinued due to huge stock losses, staff called them ‘Shop and Rob’ rather than ‘Shop and Go’. The company is currently looking at developing a better system to get round these problems. Each product to be sold must have an identifying code number which is different from that of every other product. Different sizes of the same product even need different code numbers. These code numbers are printed onto the labels or packaging of the product in the form of bar codes. Located at each checkout is an ELECTRONIC POINT OF SALE ( EPOS ) till. ThisEPOS till comprises a keyboard, a digital display, a scanner which reads bar codes, a set of scales, a printer, a credit / debit card reader and a till drawer. Each till also has its own base to which all of the above is attached. It is the base unit which is connected by cables to the branch computer in the supermarket's system office. Bar codes are made up of a set of black lines and white spaces. Look at the bar code. You can see that it is split into two halves, and each half is contained within two thin black stripes. The diagram shows the pattern of lines for each digit on the bar code.Notice that the pattern for a digit on the right hand half of a bar code is the opposite of the one on the left hand half. Many bar codes today use the European Article Number or EAN. This is a thirteen digit number which can be used to uniquely identify a product. Using the bar code shown as an example : a) The first 2 digits represent the country from which the company producing the product comes. 50 – U. K. b) The next five digits represent the company which produced the product. 00208 – Lyons Tetley Ltd. c) The following five digits represent the product. 02100 – 80 Tea bags. ) The la st number is a check digit. This is used to make sure the bar code has been read correctly. So 5000208021000 is the EAN for a box of 80 Tetley tea bags. The bar codes on products are read by the EPOS tills at the checkouts. This is achieved by using a scanner, which sends out infra-red laser beams via a set of mirrors, enabling the bar code to be read at most angles. When an item is passed over the scanner, the black and white parts of the code are detected by the laser, as the black parts reflect very little light whilst the white parts reflect most of the light.This is converted into electrical pulses which are sent along the cables to the branch computer. The branch computer then searches its stock file for the product matching the EAN number. When this record is located the price and description of the product is extracted and sent back to the EPOS till at the checkout which then shows this item and price on the digital display, prints them on a receipt and adds the price to the total. At the same time, the branch computer records that one of this item has been sold. We will look at how this is used for stock control on other pages.When a bar code has been correctly scanned, the scanner emits a bleep. If no such sound is made, the item can be passed over the scanner again until it has been correctly read. The keyboard is used to enter codes of products that will not scan, for example reduced price items. The scales at the EPOS till are also linked up to the branch computer. All loose fruit and vegetables are weighed at the checkout. Each product has a code number which, when typed in at the keyboard, gives the customer a description of the product on the receipt along with the weight and price of the purchase.The weight of the product is also deducted from the stock file. As well as printing an itemised receipt, the printer attached to the EPOS till can also print the name of the supermarket, the date and the amount owing on cheques and debit / credit card vouchers. This lessens the chance of mistakes as well as minimising the amount of time a customer has to spend at the checkout. Not every customer pays by cash or cheque though. Many now opt to pay by a debit card such as Switch or Delta. In these cases the customer’s card is swiped through the card reader which reads the information ( such as the account umber and date of expiry ) held on the magnetic strip on the back of the card. The latest in store development has been the arrival of smart card readers at the EPOS. A debit card with a smart chip is placed in the reader and the customer then enters their PIN to authorise the money being taken out of their account. This is much more secure than signing a docket as it cannot be forged. This information is then added to the details of how much the customer has spent and, after checking that sufficient funds are present, used to transfer this amount from the customer’s bank account to that of the supermarket’s.T his process is called ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER and works even if the supermarket's bank is different from that of the customer. PRICING The price of a product, as we have seen, is sent to the EPOS terminal when the product’s bar code is read. In the past, every single item had a price sticker attached and when a price change was required, new labels had to be placed over the old ones. This was a time consuming task, as every single item on the shelves of the product requiring the price change required a new label. Mistakes were sometimes made and customers over or undercharged. Nowadays there are no price labels ttached to products, neither does the packaging of the product show the price. The only reference to the price of a product is contained on a label attached to the shelf where that product is situated. These shelf labels are produced by the branch computer and are printed out in different sizes according to the size of the shelf display for a particular product. Tech nology. As bar codes are scanned, the branch computer looks for items which are on special offer and discounts the prices where necessary. STOCK CONTROL There are, in fact, six branch computers linked to the EPOS terminals at the checkouts.They all record information about items sold and provide backup for each other. If only one computer was used and it broke down, the supermarket could not function. These branch computers are linked via the satellite links to a large main computer housed at the supermarket's head office elsewhere in the country. All branches of this supermarket are also linked in this way to the main computer and this is an example o an extranet. Special offers such as Multibuy – â€Å"Buy two and get one free† or LinkSave – â€Å"Buy one product and save 50% on another† could not be offered before the introduction of InformationAfter the supermarket has closed at the end of the day, the following happens : 1) The branch computer sends the details of every individual sale to the main computer at the Head Office. 2) Using this information, the main computer system updates its record of the number in stock of every item in the store. The SEC allows managers to get a real time stock picture and allows a manager to escalate stock deliveries from nothing to 72 hours to 48 hours. It also gives a better picture of stock losses and improves the service the shop can give its customers 3) Using a forecast of sales along with other factors ( uch as the weather and the time of the year etc. ) the system automatically orders the correct amount of stock required by the store for the next available delivery 48 or 72 hours ahead. 4) The main computer also transmits these orders to computers in the distribution centres (large warehouses storing products ready for delivery to stores ) across the satellite link. 5) These distribution centres then deliver the required stock to the stores immediately. 6) Price changes and prices of ne w products, special offers etc. are sent back to branch computer in the supermarket. ) New shelf labels are printed and the night staff of the supermarket place these on the shelves ready for the following day. The company also uses computers for staff recruitment. New applicants can fill in an application form over the Internet and have it vetted by the Head Office. This saves time at branch level and serves to get rid of some applicants. If an applicant fills in a form at the branch, this can be scanned in and then uploaded to the Head office. JUST IN TIME v STANDARD METHOD OF STOCK CONTROL In the standard method, a shop selling cookers etc, keeps it stock in a shop and in an attached warehouse.When stock in the shop are runs low it is replenished from the warehouse. A check is kept on how much stock is in the warehouse. When the warehouse needs new stock, an order is placed with the appropriate suppliers – or with the organisation’s main warehouse – and the g oods are delivered. In addition to being used for stock control, the information from scanning is collected on the main computer at the Head Office to build up a ‘profile' or description of the way in which its customers shop. For example, the ratio of customers who use a washing powder to those who use a liquid detergent an be calculated from the sales of washing detergents in any particular store. From this sort of information, the amount of shelf space to be given to a product can be calculated. OTHER USES The stores are also big users of email. Each store is connected to each other, to every depot and to the Head Office. The email is used for area initiatives, promotional planning, quality control issues, head office bulletins, warning about shoplifters and banning letters. The ‘just-in-time’ system takes advantage of a stock information system. As products pass through the electronic points of sales (EPOS), the relevant data is sent to a atabase containing in formation about stock levels. When stock falls below a set level more is ordered. Thus only a bare minimum of necessary stock is ordered and there is no need to maintain a large, fully stocked warehouse. In some cases the system is fully automated, working out how what stock is needed and electronically processing and communicating the order. Advantages †¢ Money is saved because less warehouse space needs to be purchased and maintained. †¢ Economies can be made in regard to labour costs, i. e. fewer staff are needed. †¢ The business is more aware of and more responsive to hanges in supply and demand Disadvantages †¢ If there is disruption to the transport system, shops and businesses will quickly run out of stock. †¢ Shops can still be caught out by sudden changes in buying patterns. In such cases they often find themselves without the stock the customers are asking for. †¢ An ICT system can be costly to set up and maintain, and expertise – which may also be costly – will be needed to run it. INTERNET SHOPPING Some supermarket companies now have websites which allow you to shop over the Internet, this has allowed them access to different markets i. e. people who do not have ransport to get to the store. Businesses have recognised that the Internet allowed people to interact with each other in a different way, and it gave the potential for creating new markets and in reinvigorating old ones. Businesses began to use the Internet in different ways: †¢ As a means of communicating information about the products and services they offer; †¢ As a ‘virtual shop’, allowing customers to purchase goods and services online; †¢ As a free service which makes money by advertisers to use the site; †¢ As a subscription service, e. g. allowing subscribers access to valuable information such as might be ontained in research papers; †¢ As an interactive site that encourages customers to give them fee dback on their products. Steps in interactive shopping 1. The customer views the company’s products via a website and selects the object(s) for purchase. 2. The customer enters his order, together with credit card details, via an on-screen form. 3. An encryption system or secure link is used to protect the transaction and to ensure credit card details are not accessible. 4. The order is received and sent to a database. 5. The information in the database is communicated to a distribution centre where rders are made up. 6. The order is delivered to the customer. Advantages to the customer †¢ Customers do not have to travel long distances to the shops and struggle through crowds to make their purchases. †¢ It can be beneficial to those customers who are disabled or who, for some other reason find it difficult to travel to shops. †¢ New, smaller, more specialised businesses present themselves on he web, thus widening the range of goods and services available. Advan tages to the business †¢ Overheads can be cut. A web-based business does not necessarily need a high street shop and staff to run it.Small specialised concerns have therefore been able to establish themselves on the web with very little capital outlay. †¢ Many new businesses have been created via the Internet; some have been successful some not. The overall effect, however, has been to invigorate the business environment by introducing healthy competition. Some difficulties †¢ Despite assurances by business that their sites are secure, many people are anxious about giving out their credit card details online. There have been sufficient examples of Internet-based credit cards fraud to justify this fear. †¢ Anybody can set up an online business and some ebsites are not run in an honest and reliable manner. Customers have ordered and paid for goods that hve never arrived. †¢ Shopping is not just a functional act. It is also a social activity. People go shopping to be with their friends and enjoy the atmosphere of towns and cities. Computers are also used to control the freezers and chillers throughout the store. In the warehouse, the large freezers have to be kept within a certain temperature range. This is achieved by having temperature sensors inside each freezer which monitor the conditions and switch the cooling motor on or off.On the floor of the supermarket are many freezers and chillers which are used to store and display a wide variety of products such as fresh meat, dairy produce and frozen goods. CONTROL SYSTEMS Different products have different requirements in terms of temperature. Fresh meat, for instance, may have to be kept at 4 C whilst ice cream has to be stored at -15 C. The freezers and chillers therefore are kept at many different temperatures and, in the past, an employee of the supermarket had to check the temperature of the chiller every hour. Now every freezer and chiller is linked to a computer in the branch office .A temperature sensor in each freezer or chiller constantly MONITORS the temperature, sending data back to this computer which sends signals back, when needed, switching the individual freezer / chiller motors on or off, thus maintaining the correct temperatures. A display on each freezer / chiller shows the temperature to customers. the build up of ice but without defrosting the food. Any breakdowns are detected immediately, minimising the risk of food thawing and therefore being wasted. ADVANTAGES The advantages of using Information Technology in supermarkets can be broken down into two sections, the enefits to the customer and the benefits to the supermarket and its management. It must be remembered that changes and improvements come about over a period of time, for instance, while the introduction of Information Technology may save the supermarket chain money eventually, it requires a good deal of investment, both in terms of resources and training, initially and throughout its development. This is called a ‘closed loop control system'. As can be seen from the diagram, the freezer can be either on or off ( the PROCESS ) which leads to the freezer being a certain temperature ( the RESULT ). The temperature of the freezer s then either too high, too low or alright and this FEEDBACK is used to change the process if necessary (turns the freezer from off to on, or on to off. ) Every three or four hours, each freezer has to be defrosted and the computer controls this process as well, turning the freezer off long enough to stop To the customer * faster and more efficient checkout services. * itemised till receipts. * products more tailored to their needs. * fresher goods due to low stock levels held by supermarkets. * special offers. * benefits to the supermarket passed on in the way of lower prices or increased customer services. * various methods of payment. chilled or frozen food kept at the correct temperature. To the supermarket and its management * ef ficient stock control, less chance of goods being out of stock. * more efficient checkouts, less chance of errors by staff. * ability to use sales forecasts and ‘profiles', leading to more efficient use of shelf space. * little warehouse space required in each supermarket due to distribution system. * ability to monitor the performance of checkout staff. * shelf pricing more cost effective than labels on products. * ability to use electronic funds transfer improves cash flow. * effective management of chilled and frozen goods.

Essay On Emily Dickinson - 1348 Words

Emily Dickinson The beloved poet, Emily Dickinson lived as a recluse to become the greatest American woman poet of the 19th century. Even in such peculiar circumstances, her works remain alive as she unites people through her talent. Furthermore, her poems were not recognized until after her death, her art is now praised with its impact on society. She intrigues readers with prominent themes of life and death and its comparison to living and nonliving aspects. Dickinson’s unique background, interesting purpose of poetry in I heard a Fly buzz, and perplexed criticism makes her poems relevant with age. Dickinson’s background is quite special. Her 55-year lifespan from December 10, 1830 to May 15, 1886 consisted primarily in Amherst,†¦show more content†¦It is said that in the midst of her isolation to the world, she felt haunted and alone with her active mind which sourced her works with her way with words. In fact, Dickinson left her beloved state once for her father to Washington, D.C., as he served in Congress. There she became friends with Reverend Charles Wadsworth, rumored to have romantic relations with for the letters written amongst them, conversely his move to California with his wife left it behind. She did eventually fall in love with Otis Philips Lord, a lawyer and senior friend, being also gifted and a widower. He was vigorous and offered to marry her, but Dickinson knew her reclusions would be too much for a marriage as he soon died of a stroke. Other than these miniscule interactions, Dickinson tended to consist comfortable in the solitude of her room with the blossom of many literary works and even isolated herself during her father’s funeral. Most of her writing was produced in 1862 as they were activated by the simplest things. Through the hymn style lines, the paring of bare language, scientific observations, and distinct language of her first-person personaShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in the community of Amherst, Massachusetts. She was the second daughter of Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson. Emily, her brother Austin, and her sister Lavinia were brought up and nurtured in a quiet reserved household headed by their father Edward. Throughout her life, her mother was not always around, or accessible, a fact that is said to have caused Emily’s eccentricity. They were raised in Puritanical Massachusetts,Read More Emily Dickinson Essay example1583 Words   |  7 Pages Emily Dickinson, recognized as one of the greatest American poets of the nineteenth century, was born December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts (Benfey, 1). Dickinson’s greatness and accomplishments were not always recognized. In her time, women were not recognized as serious writers and her talents were often ignored. Only seven of her 1800 poems were ever published. Dickinson’s life was relatively simple, but behind the scenes she worked as a creative and talented poet. Her work was influencedRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1034 Words   |  5 Pagespeople didn’t remember Emily Dickinson. Emily Dickinson was a talented poet who used her previously devastating personal experiences to enhance her poems. Emily Dickinson was born on December 10th, 1830 to Edward and Emily Dickinson in Amherst, Massachusetts. In the year 1833, her little sister Lavinia was born into the family. During February of 1852, A Valentine was published in the Springfield Republican. That was one of the first poems that she had written. Emily Dickinson was an amazing poetRead MoreEmily Dickinson Essay821 Words   |  4 Pagescember 2012 Emily Dickinsons original approach to poetry results in startling and thought-provoking moments in her work Give your response to the poetry of Emily Dickinson in the light of this statement. Support your points with suitable reference to her poems. Emily DIckinson is a wonderful, idiosyncratic poet, whos original and powerful poetry is marked by startling and thought-provoking moments, defining Dickinsons poetry. Dickinson describes in shocking detail, moments of utterRead MoreEssay On Emily Dickinson1419 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson â€Å"I know that He exists,† is the first line in one of Emily Dickinson’s many poems. This is poem number 338, and it is one of her most famous poems even though most people do not understand it (Faulkner 8). Emily Dickinson is a well-known poet, but it was not always like that. During her lifetime, Dickinson rarely published her poems, and it was not until later that she became famous for her work (Crumbley 1). During Emily Dickinson’s life, she was a reserved person, to the pointRead More Emily Dickinson Essay2811 Words   |  12 Pagesconclusive. Dickinson remains an enigma even today but biographical speculation allows us to analyze some of her poetry even though we may be completely inaccurate about what we presuppose. There are some facts about Emily Elizabeth Dickinson that we know for certain. She was born on December 10, 1830 and is recognized as one of Americaamp;#8217;s greatest poets. She had an older brother, William Austin Dickinson, born on April 16, 1829, and a younger sister, Lavinia Norcross Dickinson, born on FebruaryRead More Emily Dickinson and Adrienne Rich Essay2741 Words   |  11 PagesEmily Dickinson and Adrienne Rich The modernist period, stretching from the late 19th century to approximately 1960, is a very distinct phase in the progression of American literature, employing the use of novel literary techniques which stray away from the traditional literary styles observed in the time preceding the period. Modernist writers explore new styles themes, and content in their compositions, encompassing issues ranging from race (Kate Chopin) to gender (H.D.) to sexuality (JamesRead MoreEssay on Emily Dickinson and Her Poetry3197 Words   |  13 PagesEmily Dickinson and Her Poetry Emily Dickinson is one of the great visionary poets of nineteenth century America. In her lifetime, she composed more poems than most modern Americans will even read in their lifetimes. Dickinson is still praised today, and she continues to be taught in schools, read for pleasure, and studied for research and criticism. Since she stayed inside her house for most of her life, and many of her poems were not discovered until after her death, Dickinson was uninvolvedRead More The Poetry of Emily Dickinson Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson has always been one of my favorite poets. I love her poems because of the pain and sorrow they contain to which I can easily relate. She often writes of funerals and death. I myself have watched too many friends die and have wondered why God would let this happen. At every funeral, some well meaning mourner would say--,The Lord called him or Shes with Jesus now. My gut reaction was always, Bullshit. Then Emily Dickinsons poem My Life Closed Twice Before its Close would comeRead More The Life Of Emily Dickinson Essay799 Words   |  4 Pages The Life of Emily Dickinson nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although she lived a seemingly secluded life, Emily Dickinsons many encounters with death influenced many of her poems and letters. Perhaps one of the most ground breaking and inventive poets in American history, Dickinson has become as well known for her bizarre and eccentric life as for her incredible poems and letters. Numbering over 1,700, her poems highlight the many moments in a 19th century New Englander womans life, including

Top 10 Things to Know About James Garfield

A Research Study On Developmental Disability - 826 Words

According to Gail Goldsmith, BSW, who just retired from Northern Lakes Community Mental Health, NLCMH is authorized by the Michigan Department of Community Health to provide mental health services and services to those with developmental disabilities. Developmental disability is generally defined as a chronic condition, with an onset before age 22, that cause impairment in one or more areas that impact day-to-day functioning such as learning, communication (expressive and receptive language), mobility, cognitive function (information processing), self-help, health/physical functioning and independent living. Conditions such as Down’s syndrome, autism, cerebral palsy, and fetal alcohol syndrome are some of the most prevalent causes of impairment. Often these conditions create a need for lifelong support. According to the Center For Disease Control, in a study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics, nearly 1 in 6 children in the United States are identified as having a developmental disability. (Boyle 2011) According to Gail the demographics have changed dramatically over the years. The number of clients with autism has increased dramatically. Programs and services change with administration. Each new administration has their own interpretation of how exactly mandated programs should be run and what they are and are not required to provide eligible clients. Gail has served as a case manager for more than 25 years. Her primary role has been to coordinate servicesShow MoreRelatedMy Study For People With Disabilities983 Words   |  4 Pageswith disabilities must include their voices across their states. 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The articles selected for review are segmented into three sections: support for AAC, support for iPads and AAC, and to support children with developmental disabilities. The importance of this review is to examine the current research pertaining to iPads and other mobile technology as a form of AAC to support language development of school aged children with developmental disabilities. Outcomes of each study are reported inRead MoreChildren With Down Syndrome : A Developmental Disorder1615 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Down Syndrome is a developmental disorder caused by an error in the process of cell division. This disorder is characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy)(Segal Pesco, 2015). It is the most common chromosomal disorder and affects 1 in 700 live births (Ramia, Musharrafieh, Khaddage, Sabri, 2014). 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Challenges Faced by Taj Hotel

Question: What level of Expatriation will be required to meet Tajs Operational needs and maintain their Heritage? Answer: The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is one of the most renowned hotel chains in the Indian hotel industry (Tajhotels, 2017). The hotel comes under the possession of Tata Group. In the Middle East also TAJ Hotel has gained a significant presence by its well-known and prestigious hotel Taj Dubai. There are several challenges related to retention, selection and recruitment of employees which have been faced by the organization. The Dubai labor market has provided opportunities to Taj Dubai to have a safe and rapid development in terms of growth, success and workforce. The labor market of Dubai experienced a comibantion of expatriates as well as working Emiratis. Because of the presence of increased number of expatriates the labor market is considered as cheap as well as easy supply of labor is there. It has also resulted in availability of labor in squat wages. But the Emiratis as the domestic workers work on high wage structure only. There has also been regulating Emiratisation Law whic h restricts the employment of expatriates in the public as well as in private sector companies (Ministry of Human Resources Emiratisation, 2016). This has also provided a benefit to the Emiratis to work only on high wages and salaries. But this creates several challenges for the organizations working in UAE. The report will focus upon the human resource issues faced by Taj Dubai, the approach used by Taj group in staffing, need of expatriation and various HR strategies to resolve and mitigate the issues prevailing in the Dubai operations. Taj Dubai Taj Dubai was established in the year 2015. The hotel is a beautiful blend of contemporary style, heritage and extravagance (Tajhotels, 2017). The hotel has been established in Dubai with one of the prime and most illustrious location i.e. Burj Khalifa. The hotel is doing enormously well. The main and the prime emphasis are led over maintenance of the Indian culture by serving in other nations. There are 296 rooms which provide the guest a luxurious and extraordinary experience of lavishness. The hotel provides a magnificent experience of Dubai culture with a fusion of Indian heritage. The points of attractions for Taj Dubai includes its eye catching location i.e. Burj Khalifa, a very short distance of 5 km from the Dubai mall and Downtown area. As well as the airport is just approximately nine miles away from the hotel (Tajhotels, 2017). Al these fascinate visitors, tourists and business associates to visit Taj Dubai. Selection of HR Approach to Staffing The Geocentric approach of staffing is a method where the employees get recruited on the basis of competence and qualities. The individuals who can serve the organization in the utmost manner will be recruited by the organization regardless of diversity in nationality, culture or any other factor. The primary and main aim of the companies using geocentric staffing approach is to have an enhanced unity among the subsidiaries as well as the headquarters of the organization. The second approach is the ethnocentric staffing approach (Colakoglu, Tarique and Caligiuri, 2009). This approach also primarily focuses upon the global recruitments in the organization. There has been done recruitment on the basis of right individuals for the right work role. The people are selected on the basis of ethnocentric staffing approach so that the individuals can easily mix with the organizational culture. As per the ethnocentrism, it is viewed that the values and beliefs of a specific system of ethnic gr oup is superior in nature in comparison with all others. And therefore the major decision power is impacted by the home standards in the controlling and evaluations taking place at the organization. A set counseling and advices are provided to the subsidiaries by the main headquarters on a regular basis (Tiwari, 2013). Taj Dubai must adopt the ethnocentric approach in its operations. The prime reason behind selecting this staffing approach is that Taj group wants to have a mixture of cultures as well as wants to safeguard the Indian culture and heritage in its establishment at Dubai also. Therefore it will be best for the organization to take use of ethnocentric staffing approach instead of geocentric staffing approach. There are several benefits which are associated withy the ethnocentric approach other that the fusion of cultures. This includes effective communication, higher control and simple structuring. Required level of Expatriation at Taj Dubai There is an extensive need of expatriates for effective management of the operations of Taj Dubai. In present scenario every organization requires expatriates for managing their international chains or subsidiaries. In a similar way, Taj Dubai also has a need of expatriates for managing the functioning and operations. In case of Taj Group, the need of expatriates is high because of the fact that the o0reganizatiuon highly emphasized on maintaining the heritage. There are several advantages which the organization will achieve if they recruit high number of expatriates in the hotel management. Cultural Integration The main and the primary motive behind the employment of expatriates are to enhance the cultural integration. If there will be employees from the host as well as from the home and other overseas countries then it will result into enhanced cultural integration. In a hospitality industry it is great to have employees from various cultures so that they can efficiently take care of the customers coming from diverse cultural groups (Scielo, 2010). Higher Flexibility The employment of expatriates will result into greater organizational flexibility. In several situation if there are employees from a similar background then there are high chances of rigidity as they have a unity amongst them. But increased expatriates employment will provide the organization with greater amount of flexibility in operations as well as management. Increased Commitment Individuals from other countries have a higher commitment with the companies as they are usually residing in other nations to have employment opportunity. So the expatriates will serve the organization in a more committed manner. Challenges Faced by Taj Hotel in Regards with Human resource Recruitment, selection and retention are three primary and key areas from where all the human resource issues arise. Taj Dubai has also faced challenges in maintaining efficiency in these human resource areas. Following are the issues related to all these three key areas experienced by Taj Dubai: Personal Factors and attitude of the employees This is the prime factor which is responsible for the occurrence of issues in recruitment, selection and retention of the competent staff. The attitude of the individuals related to the job in a hospitality industry basically at the grass root level is not so positive which can attract them to become the employees of the organization. Thus the talented and the competent individuals do not appear for the employment opportunities offered by the organization. Another major factor which acts as the barricade is the personal factors (Stephenson and Ali-Knight, 2010). People of Middle East generally preferred doing white collar jobs and that too in government organizations. This leads to decrease number of domestic staff in the private companies. As well as the type of jobs also restricts individuals to apply for the same. In many situations individuals do apply for the jobs in the hospitality sector but as soon as they get any better opportunity they tends to leave the organization. This directly impacts the retention rate of the employees. Feedback and Performance Appraisal In most of the organizations in the UAE the actual and true feedbacks are not provided to the employees. As providing true feedbacks is taken as a negative comment over the self-esteem of the employees if the feedback is downbeat and unenthusiastic. The employees do not take the feedback in a constructive way and possesses a notion that their self-esteems have been damaged. This results into attrition of the talented and the competent employees. In the Middle East countries people give more importance to their self-esteem sin comparison with their jobs (Mellahi, Demirbag and Riddle, 2011). And so organizations are unable to give a correct and effective feedback which results into inefficient performance appraisal in the organization. In Taj Dubai the employees are provided with correct feedback and this leads to negative impact over the Emiratis employees and that results into high attrition rate. Lack of Reward and Recognition In present scenario the rewards and recognitions of the employees is considered as a major tool for retaining employees in an organization. The lack of rewards and recognition to the employees results into high employment turnover in the organization. This also leads to de-motivation of the employees. The de-motivated and low morale employees have a lower degree of productivity which ultimately results into organizational loss. All these have a direct impact over decreased retention of the employees in the organization. And therefore there are difficulties in selecting and retaining the talented staff in the organization (Arasli, Bavik and Ekiz, 2006). Lack of Personal and Professional Advancement Every individual as an employee demands for opportunities which can offer personal and professional development. The organizations that provide regular and extensive opportunities to the employees generally have high retention rates (Stephenson, 2014). But in Taj Dubai the employees do not found many opportunities for their personal and professional advancement. And this acts as the barricades for the individuals to associate with the organization. This results into on effective recruitment. The employees also leave the organization because of such issue. This has a major impact over the effective recruitment and retaining of the talented staff at the organization (Pforr and Hosie, 2009). Ineffectiveness of Communication The Taj Dubai is basically an Indian organization which has expanded in the regions of Middle East. But still there are several communication gaps among the people of Dubai and the expatriate. At the higher position there are more of expatriate and this develops a human resource issue at the organization. The Emiratis employees are not comfortable in discussing their issues and this develops a communication gap in the hotel (Randeree, 2009). This communication gap poses a negative impact over the employees retention and selection. Thus there is inappropriate selection of staff and decreased retention rate of the competent staff. Pay Structure of the Organization The pay structure is one of the primary issues in the recruitment, selection and retention of the employees. Generally the national individuals of Middle East countries demands high pay structure and the expatriate are ready to work at a low pay structure also. This creates diversity in the pays. The Taj Dubai foes not allow this inequity in the pays thus the pays is similar for the expatriates as well as for the Emiratis employees. And as a result the squat pay structure restricts the employees to apply for jobs. And the one which are already employed left the organization as soon as they get some better working opportunity (Ahmad and Daghfous, 2010). Therefore there arise issues in the recruitment, selection and retention of the talented staff. Increased Number of Expatriates To maintain the heritage culture and to have higher operational efficiency Taj Dubai has employed higher number of expatriates. This creates some cultural issues among the Emiratis employees (Naithani and Jha, 2009). The issues are related to culture, communication gaps, pay structure, diversity in norms etc. all these issues gives rise to decreased retention of the Emiratis employees. And thus there is less number of people willing to join the organization. There develops recruitment and retention problems in the organization (Forstenlechner, et al., 2012). Job Insecurity The international organizations have a high wage and salary structure for the individuals but at the same time they have a very less job security for the employees. The squat or decreased job security is one of the primary reasons for the employees to leave the organization getting employed in any government organization. The Emiratis as well as the other individuals always demands for a secured job so that they do not have to face any kind of issues after serving the organization for a very long period of time due to issues such as inflation, downfall of the economy. This develops a threat of job insecurity among the employees which results into higher attrition rate (Rutledge, et al., 2011). HR strategies and solutions to Mitigate the Issues There is a need of few effective HR strategies for resolving the above mentioned issues and challenges prevailing in the functioning of Taj Dubai. Following are few of those strategies which can help the organization in achieving better human resource management. High Recognition and Rewards Top recruit and retain talented staff in the organization it is essential that Taj Dubai must restructure its rewards and recognition programs so that the morale and motivation of the employees can be boost and so they deliver increased productivity. If the efforts and hard work of the employees are rewarded as well as get recognized then it shows a positive impact over their performances as well as develops a sense of organizational commitment (Boxall and Purcell, 2011). This directly impacts their retention period in the organization. Provide Extensive number of Development Opportunities Every employee in an organization searches for opportunities which can provide them professional as well as personal advancement. It is required that Taj Dubai must provide the individuals with such opportunities. The greater the opportunities will be the more competent and skilled individuals will get associated with the organization (Nickson, 2013).The organization must also provide several benefits to the employees such as accommodation facilities, free pick up and drop services as well as free of cost meals. These additional benefits will enhance the employees commitment towards the organization. And so there will be proficient recruitment and increased retention of the employees. Job Rotation The employees are also discontented because of the cultural diversities among the employees. To have enhanced cultural integration in the hotel management it is required that there must be job rotation among the employees. This human resource strategy will benefit the organization in several ways. This will help in developing informal communication among the employees of diverse cultures or nation (P. Crick and Spencer, 2011). This will also support in building higher association among the employees which will result to improved workplace environment and increased retention rate. Offer Trainings To have great symmetry among the employees it is essential that all of them must get similar training and must be enrolled for parallel programs. There are few recognized training programs of Taj Group such as Taj management training program, HOMT i.e. Hotel operations management trainee program etc. these training programs provide base for the new employees to have an equal understanding of the work and organizational culture (Wong and Ko, 2009). This will help them resolving their issues and getting associated with the hotel for a longer time frame. Providing higher Job Security To retain the employees in the organization it is essential that the employees must have adequate job security. The threat of job security forces an employee to leave the organization. But if TAJ Dubai will provide an extensive job security to its employees then there are up surge chances that the employees will retain in the organization for longer time. This will ensure them they are a vital part of the organization and will not be detached easily (Hu, Horng and Sun, 2009). Retention Management Programs There is also a need of effective retention management program at the organization. This sort of programs helps the organization in retaining the employees as it helps in changing and improving the thoughts and view points of the employees in regards with organizational commitment. This gives an opportunity to the employees to attain greater employee engagement. And thus decrease the attrition rate of the employees (Hinkin and Tracey, 2010). Conclusion Taj Group is rapidly increasing its global presence in different overseas nations. The selection of Dubai is a potential expansion which can help the organization in achieving huge success and growth. From the above report it can be evaluated and analyzed that the Taj Dubai is doing very well in its operations. But still there is a need of improvement in its human resource management. There were several issues which have been identified in the HR operations of the hotel. These issues if not resolved may lead to extensive and deeper negative impacts over the organizational performance. The strategies provided for the resolution of issues and challenges will help Taj Dubai in attaining higher global recognition and success in its future operations. It can be concluded that if Taj Dubai adopts the ethnocentric approach and also have involvement of expatriates with the implementation of the mentioned Hr strategies then it may give constrictive results to the organization. Recommendations Following are few recommendations which can be offered to Taj Dubai for achieving improved productivity and raped achievements: The hotel must have regular programs on a monthly basis for having increased cultural integration. This will help in developing a sense of belongingness among all the employees. The involvement and employment of expatriates is a good decision but equal opportunities and authorities must be provided to all the employees regardless of their nationality and culture. The greater the perks are the higher is the efficiency in the performances. Hence it is suggested that the employees must get good incentives for their efforts and hard work (Wong and Ko, 2009). References Ahmad, N., Daghfous, A. (2010). Knowledge sharing through inter-organizational knowledge networks: Challenges and opportunities in the United Arab Emirates.European Business Review,22(2), 153-174. Alnaqbi, W., (2011). The relationship between human resource practices and employee retention in public organisations : an exploratory study conducted in the United Arab Emirates. Edith Cowan University, Pp.245, Retrieved on: 28th February, 2017, Retrieved from: https://ro.ecu.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1424context=theses Arasli, H., Bavik, A., Ekiz, E. H. (2006). The effects of nepotism on human resource management: The case of three, four and five star hotels in Northern Cyprus.International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,26(7/8), 295-308. Boxall, P., Purcell, J. (2011).Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Colakoglu, S., Tarique, I., Caligiuri, P. (2009). Towards a conceptual framework for the relationship between subsidiary staffing strategy and subsidiary performance.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,20(6), 1291-1308. Forstenlechner, I., Madi, M. T., Selim, H. M., Rutledge, E. J. (2012). Emiratisation: determining the factors that influence the recruitment decisions of employers in the UAE.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(2), 406-421. Hinkin, T. R., Tracey, J. B. (2010). What makes it so great? An analysis of human resources practices among Fortunes best companies to work for.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,51(2), 158-170. Hu, M. L. M., Horng, J. S., Sun, Y. H. C. (2009). Hospitality teams: Knowledge sharing and service innovation performance.Tourism management,30(1), 41-50. Mellahi, K., Demirbag, M., Riddle, L. (2011). Multinationals in the Middle East: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of World Business,46(4), 406-410. Ministry of Human Resources Emiratisation, (2016). Emiratisation Laws, Retrieved on: 28th February, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.mohre.gov.ae/en/labour-law/labour-law/emiratisation-laws.aspx Naithani, D., Jha, A. N. (2009). Challenges Faced by Expatriate Workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Nickson, D. (2013).Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Crick, A., Spencer, A. (2011). Hospitality quality: new directions and new challenges.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), 463-478. Pforr, C., Hosie, P. (Eds.). (2009).Crisis management in the tourism industry: beating the odds?. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Randeree, K. (2009). Strategy, policy and practice in the nationalisation of human capital:project emiratisation.Research and Practice in Human Resource Management,17(1), 71-91. Rutledge, E., Al Shamsi, F., Bassioni, Y., Al Sheikh, H. (2011). Women, labour market nationalization policies and human resource development in the Arab Gulf states.Human Resource Development International,14(2), 183-198. Scielo, (2010). Contribution of expatriates in the management of subsidiaries to the corporate governance of international firms: the case of vale(1), Retrieved on: 28th February, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S1807-76922010000100007 Stephenson, M. L. (2014). Deciphering Islamic hospitality: Developments, challenges and opportunities.Tourism Management,40, 155-164. Stephenson, M. L., Ali-Knight, J. (2010). Dubai's tourism industry and its societal impact: social implications and sustainable challenges.Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change,8(4), 278-292. Tajhotels, (2017). About us, TAJ HOTELS RESORTS AND PALACES MILESTONES, Retrieved on: 28th February, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/about-taj-group/who-we-are/our-company/milestones/ Tajhotels, (2017). TAJ DUBAI, Retrieved on: 28th February, 2017, Retrieved from: https://taj.tajhotels.com/en-in/taj-dubai/?_ga=1.156121650.869678501.1488265661 Tajhotels, (2017). WELCOME TO TAJ, Retrieved on: 28th February, 2017, Retrieved from: https://www.tajhotels.com/en-in/home/ Tiwari, N. (2013). Managing human resources in international organizations.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(4), 355-360. Wong, S. C. K., Ko, A. (2009). Exploratory study of understanding hotel employees perception on worklife balance issues.International Journal of Hospitality Management,28(2), 195-203.

Neve vs Astra vs OceanWP Which Theme Is Right for You

There are thousands of themes in the WordPress Directory. Choosing one for your website can quickly become overwhelming, especially when comparing high-performing, low-cost options such as Neve vs Astra vs OceanWP.Fortunately, if you carefully break down the features available with each theme youre interested in, it will usually become clear which is the best fit for you. Whether you need a sleek one-page layout or a flexible multipurpose theme you can customize extensively, youll eventually find what you need.In this post, well compare three popular free WordPress themes: Neve, Astra, and OceanWP. Well cover their key features, extensions, demos templates, and potential costs to help you determine if one of them is right for you. Lets get to it! picking your WordPress theme. The decision is all about your personal preferences and the needs of your website. Below weve compared three popular choices on features, extensions, demos and templates, and the optional costs associated with t hem.1. NeveOur attractive, professional, one-page theme has all the ingredients for a successful website baked into it. Its jam-packed with handy features for both style and performance, including:Lightweight code that will keep your site running fast (with a Google PageSpeed score of 92).Compatibility with Elementor, the most popular WordPress page builder.A mobile-first design that will keep your site looking top-notch on any screen, along with AMP support.Drag-and-drop header and footer customization, and layout control.A starter site library of templates you can use to build your site quickly and easily.Additionally, you can extend this theme by purchasing the  Neve Pro  add-on plugin. It includes several handy add-on modules such as custom layouts, a header booster with sticky and transparent menu options, a Scroll to Top button, a deeper WooCommerce integration, and more.Neves starter site library provides users of both versions with 11 free site demos, including a variety of options and templates built specifically with Elementor in mind. If youre not into custom coding and want to get your site up and running quickly, these handy tools will get the job done.The theme is free to download. Then, the Neve Pro add-on plugin starts at just $39, which lets you use it on  unlimited sites.2. AstraWith over 300,000 active installations, theres no denying that Astra is a popular choice. This isnt particularly surprising when you consider its many desirable qualities, such as:Performance optimized code that adheres to the highest standards.Multiple layout, header, and footer options for personalizing your sites design.Elementor integration for advanced customization and page building.Responsive design and mobile header creation to ensure your site is perfect at any screen size.Dozens of starter sites you can import using the free Astra Starter Site plugin.You can also extend Astra by purchasing the Astra Pro plugin. This brings features such as advanced cus tomization, white labeling, and additional starter sites to your WordPress installation. The extension will make this already flexible theme even easier to adjust to your needs and tastes.With a huge selection of demos to choose from, you also wont have to worry about custom coding or creating layouts (unless you want to, of course). Astra includes starter sites optimized for Elementor, Beaver Builder, the native WordPress Block Editor (Gutenberg), and Brizy. Youll also find blog, e-commerce, business, and other site types among the pre-built options.Astra itself is free, but Astra Pro comes in at $59 per year. They also offer a Mini Agency Bundle and an Agency Bundle for $169 and $249 per year respectively. These latter bundles are required to unlock the premium starter sites.3. OceanWPThis theme boasts close to 1.5 million downloads, and its clear to see why. OceanWP is a highly flexible multipurpose theme that can adapt to any type of site. It includes some pretty attractive feat ures, such as:A built-in Search Engine Optimization (SEO) base and excellent page speed test scores.Fully responsive design that keeps your site readable even on mobile devices.Integration with page builder plugins.Highly customizable through the use of extensions.Access to an extensive demo library, including free and premium templates.Unlike the other themes in this post, you can add on to OceanWP with individual extensions. Some are free, others are available for individual purchase, and all are included in the themes Core Extensions Bundle. Some highlights include white labeling, unique Elementor widgets, Instagram feed integration, and more.As far as demos go, OceanWP wont leave you wanting. There are one-page, e-commerce, and blog demos, with over 70 options to choose from. A handful are available for free, but others require the purchase of a Core Extensions Bundle.When it comes to pricing, OceanWP is what you make it. If you want to use the theme alone, you can build an awes ome site without spending a penny. If you want to add just an extension or two, you can keep your site affordable while adding just the high-quality features you need.The Core Extensions Bundle starts at $39 per year for use on a single site and can run as high as $129 per year for use on unlimited sites.How to decide which theme is right for youOn the surface, these themes all seem pretty similar, but upon closer inspection, there are subtle differences that may make one more suitable than the others when it comes to your site. Weve summarized our findings in the table below:Neve vs Astra vs OceanWPNeveAstraOceanWPFeaturesOne page layout, Elementor compatibility, drag-and-drop customization.Mobile header customization, unique widgets, a variety of layout and design features such as custom fonts.Has the overall most design options, flexibility for use with many types of sites.ExtensionsNeve Pro provides seven modules for additional functionality.Astra Pro includes advanced customiza tion and layouts.21 extensions available individually or as part of a Core Extensions Bundle.Starter Sites11 free starter sites.Largest library of free and pro starter sites.Over 70 demos, 13 of which are free.PriceStarts at just $39 per year for use on unlimited sites.Astra Pro available for $59 per year.OceanWP extensions available a la carte at varying prices. Core Extensions Bundle available for $39–$129 per year.In short, you wont want for features with any of these themes. Our main comparison lies with the extensions available for each, the demos they offer, and the price those elements demand.At the lowest cost and offering premium usage across unlimited sites, Neve Pro takes the cake when it comes to the most budget-friendly option at just $39 for use on unlimited sites. It also offers the unique drag-and-drop header and footer builder.In terms of the most available starter sites, Astra wins with its huge importable Site Library. Like Neve Pro, its also affordable, wi th unlimited usage costing just $59.Finally, OceanWP offers deep customization and is the best choice for those who want just one or two premium extensions without having to pay for an entire bundle. However, if you  do want all the extensions, an unlimited license will cost you $129 (though you can use it on a single site for $39).ConclusionYour WordPress sites theme has a big influence on   its style and functionality. It will play a serious role in helping users form opinions of your site, so choosing yours carefully is key. This can get tricky when dealing with comparisons such as Neve vs Astra vs OceanWP. Astra: Though the free version isnt much different than the other themes in this post, Astra Pro offers an attractive feature set from a premium standpoint and a large site library.OceanWP: Its a la carte pricing for extensions make OceanWP ideal for those who need just one or two additional features, rather than an entire premium theme.Do you have any questions about Neve or another WordPress theme? Let us know in the comments section below!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.